🔹 Module 2: PLC Programming Languages (12 Hours)

2.1 Ladder Logic (LD)

  • Basic components: contacts, coils, timers, counters

  • Creating logic diagrams similar to electrical schematics

  • Interlocking, latching, and sequence control

2.2 Function Block Diagram (FBD)

  • Functional blocks: AND, OR, timers, counters

  • Signal flow and modular logic representation

  • Suitable applications in process industries

2.3 Structured Text (ST)

  • Syntax and structure

  • Variables, control structures (IF, CASE, FOR)

  • Advantages in complex logic and arithmetic operations

2.4 Practical Exercises

  • Writing and debugging ladder programs

  • Simulating basic industrial tasks (conveyor, motor start/stop)

  • Converting logic between LD ↔ FBD ↔ ST

 

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