Module 2: Electrical Insulation Testing

2.1 Insulation Testing Techniques

• Power frequency, impulse, and DC testing methods

• Partial discharge (PD) measurement

• Breakdown voltage and insulation resistance tests

2.2 Equipment Reliability and Quality Assessment

• Acceptance tests vs. routine tests

• Test result interpretation and standards (IEC, IEEE)

• Diagnostic techniques for aging and degradation

2.3 Environmental Factors Affecting Insulation

• Temperature, humidity, pollution, and altitude

• Surface discharge and tracking

• Corona effects and mitigation