🔹 Module 4: Simulation, Testing, and Debugging (8 Hours)

4.1 PLC Simulation Tools

• Siemens TIA Portal Simulation

• Allen-Bradley Emulator

• General-purpose simulators (e.g., Factory I/O, PLCLogix)

4.2 Debugging Techniques

• Online monitoring and forcing values

• Setting breakpoints, watch tables, and diagnostics

4.3 Troubleshooting & Safety Considerations

• Common programming errors

• Electrical isolation, short-circuit protection

• Safe startup and emergency stop design